I measured the cog-to-centerline distance as 4.4cm. I measure the chainRing-to-centlerline distance as 5.2cm. I need to get those two measurements closer to each other.
I don’t think I can do anything with the English bottom bracket or spindle. The 68×116mm spindle doesn’t have any provision to adjust left or right.

Alignment on the rear wheel. Cog to centerline.


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You are certainly on the right track. There is no need for perfection but awfully straight is great.
I put new tires on a motor cycle once and did not get the back wheel in line with the front (never figured out how to do it correctly) and the rear tire wore out in a few thousand miles. I guess it was trying to go in a different direction than the bike.
A bit strange to me that the distance between the “rear forks” is not the same as the distance across the crank support. Do you suppose the bike originally had more sprokets at the back? Possibly outboard the “rear forks”.
After the 4th look I understand the pix and what you did. Perhaps larger spacers are required at the crank to front sproket.
The rear wheel does not seem symetrical on each side of the hub from the pix I see. Is there something going on there?
I would think ideal is wheels on same plane and sprokets on same plane. Is there some way to move the rear sproket outboard. Perhaps dual sprokets only using the outboard.
On fifth look… Why is the crank so far out outboard. Is there space to move it in? I think the crank axil had a square end and perhaps it was tapped for a retaining bolt. Is the new crank too thick or the square end too long?
Would it give you the same problem if you moved everything to the other side of the bike?